The best Side of CLBO Crystal
The best Side of CLBO Crystal
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Even so, to be able to approach the crystal is quite Innovative manufacturing approaches are required. For the reason that dawn of this crystal, focusing on this obstacle, we are actually the only real organization on the globe which might be processed With this crystal.
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The normal electric power on the NIR laser even now has the prospective to be enhanced to tens of watts including 70 W [26] When the double-move configuration could be utilized for the Yb:YAG SCF amplifier phase. Therefore, Should the conversion efficiency of 31% from NIR to DUV can be nevertheless managed at this greater electric power affliction, the typical output ability on the DUV laser at 258 nm can be greater than 20 W, which would be described as a remarkable electrical power degree to the DUV laser and bring on the unanticipated DUV laser machining benefits. Additionally, for top-power DUV laser, the UV destruction in the nonlinear crystal, including the Home windows for CLBO crystal along with the mirrors, is another important parameter for long-lasting and steady Procedure.
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Mainly because of the thermal lens result during the reliable-point out lasers, In the event the heating management is inadequate, It's not at all easy to obtain the solid-condition laser that has a high electricity in addition to a higher beam good quality at the same time. A short while ago, with the event of The skinny disk laser and solitary-crystal fiber (SCF) laser, a superior-ability laser at the elemental wavelength (1 μm) were understood with a very good beam high-quality Despite having a TEM00 manner beam [four,24], which might be very good candidates for the elemental on the DUV laser era. One more candidate for the elemental is definitely the significant-electricity fiber laser which could possibly be accomplished by coherent beam mix with M2 worth a lot less than 1.
On one other side, the facility scaling in the NIR laser is yet another factor to boost the normal electrical power from the 193-nm DUV laser. Mainly because of the insufficient the significant-electrical power amplification Alternative from the NIR laser (one example is at 1553 nm), nonlinear frequency procedures like optical parameter oscillation (OPO) might be applied to develop a wavelength converter by shifting the wavelength from 1 μm to the desired wavelength together with acquiring relative greater ability [21]. A short while ago, a diamond Raman laser showed its capability in achieving a large electricity in addition to a superior conversion effectiveness within the 1st Stokes of your 1-μm laser [22,23], which means the likelihood being applied from the 193-nm DUV laser technology because of its substantial Raman achieve and enormous frequency change.
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The heart beat duration of the 2nd Stokes light was shortened to 5 ns as proven in Figure 7a, a single-shot image from the oscilloscope, that's a standard phenomenon in Raman laser [44] although the heart beat period in the pump laser was 10 ns.
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The conversion effectiveness from fundamental NIR to DUV is from five% to 36% in accordance with the documented results in Table one. Growing the conversion effectiveness will lessen the burden on the look and set up of the fundamental laser amplifier together with the electric electrical power use. A great here beam high-quality of the basic laser can even contribute for the expanding from the conversion effectiveness together with the right electric power depth of your NIR and green laser inside the SHG and FHG approach, respectively. The best conversion efficiencies from NIR to inexperienced and environmentally friendly to DUV laser by usage of CLBO crystal are 70% and all-around fifty%, respectively [twelve], which corresponds on the conversion effectiveness of 35% from basic to DUV.
The development of your 193-nm laser was demonstrated by levels of SFG. In an effort to scale the DUV laser power proficiently, a brand new strategy from the 193-nm DUV laser era is introduced depending on the diamond Raman laser.